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Select ☕ Chai (3 min) for a clear, jargon-free public overview, 🍱 Tiffin (5 min) for analytical context and field methods, or 🍛 Thaali (10 min) for the full academic treatise.
2. Scientist's Lens (🔬)
The Scientist's Lens button is highlighted in Chai for one-click exploration and automatically turns ON in Thaali. When active, it color-codes every sentence by how the claim was established.
3. Epistemic Claim Badges
[✓] OBSERVED direct measurement • [~] ASSOCIATION statistical correlation • [⚡] CAUSAL tested mechanism • [⚙] MODELLED projection. Click any [CLM-001] link to jump to its exact page/table in the Evidence tab.
Full Citation: Kumbhojkar, S., Yosef, R., Mehta, A., & Rakholia, S. (2020). A Camera-Trap Home-Range Analysis of the Indian Leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) in Jaipur, India. Animals, 10(9), 1600. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10091600
DOI:10.3390/ani10091600
License: CC BY 4.0 | Work ID: WORK-IND-2020-01600
Public Government & Statutory Research Portals
Rajasthan Forest Department — State wildlife authority overseeing Jhalana Reserve Forest, artificial waterholes, and urban perimeter fencing.
Standardized scientific terminology triads mapped to official pedagogy and technical terminology specifically tailored for "A Camera-Trap Home-Range Analysis of the Indian Leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) in Jaipur, India" (2020).
Each claim is an atomic source-grounded assertion with its recorded locator.
[✓] [OBSERVED]
CLM-001 • observed in study
"Of the 25 individually identified leopards, we were able to establish by camera-trap evidence and our frequent observations that four of the males and eight of the females have established home-ranges in JRF."
Source Anchor: Section: Results - Home Ranges and Core Areas, p. 9
[✓] [OBSERVED]
CLM-002 • observed in study
"The minimum convex polygon method (MCP)... Home-range size (100% MCP) of adult males averaged 8.6 km2... whereas resident adult females occupied an average of 5.2 km2."
Source Anchor: Section: Results - Home Ranges and Core Areas, p. 10-11
[✓] [OBSERVED]
CLM-003 • observed in study
"Female home ranges overlapped extensively, sharing up to 45% of their territory with related individuals, particularly around permanent water points."
Source Anchor: Section: Results - Overlap Analysis, p. 12
"Owing to the absence of perennial water sources, the wildlife in JRF concentrates on the artificial waterholes created by the Rajasthan Forest Department... apex predator coexistence with 3.9 million urban human neighbors."
Source Anchor: Section: Discussion, p. 17-18
[↗] [MODELLED]
CLM-005 • modelled result
"Spatial analysis revealed reduced activity near boundary fences during daylight, with captures shifting entirely nocturnal within 200 meters of the urban perimeter."
Source Anchor: Section: Results - Temporal Partitioning, p. 14
[i] [CONTEXT]
CLM-006 • editorial context
"it was considered inadvisable to base our conclusions on KDE because the method requires large sampling points with an even distribution, as opposed to our data which were based on optimal-stratified sampling and were heavily clustered."
Source Anchor: Section: Methods - Data Analyses, p. 8
[✓] [OBSERVED]
CLM-007 • observed in study
"Camera traps were deployed at 21 stations in an area of 29 km2... duration of each camera trapping period was fixed at two weeks, i.e., 19 trapping events per year. The standard time interval considered was 30 min."
Source Anchor: Section: Methods - Field Methods, p. 4
[✓] [OBSERVED]
CLM-008 • observed in study
"This leads to 'budding' (a pattern where dispersers establish their home-ranges close to their birthplace), which further results in kin-clustering... demonstrated by the home-range overlap of Flora and Jalebi, LK and Tim-Tim, and Nathwali and Leela."
Source Anchor: Section: Discussion, p. 17
[≈] [ASSOCIATION]
CLM-009 • estimated association
"The population density of leopards in JRF is approximately 0.86 leopards per km2, representing one of the highest recorded densities for the species globally in an isolated patch."
Source Anchor: Section: Discussion - Density analysis, p. 18
[✓] [OBSERVED]
CLM-010 • observed in study
"Diet composition of the leopards of JRF... clearly indicated the dependence of leopards on domesticated animals such as feral dogs, cats, domestic pigs and cattle which are predated in urban neighborhoods."
"The total absence of dominant sympatric competitors like tigers or lions allows leopards in Jhalana to occupy the apex ecological niche without intraguild suppression."
Source Anchor: Section: Discussion, p. 18
[i] [CONTEXT]
CLM-012 • editorial context
"Research cannot be limited to the boundaries of the reserve... urgent necessity of establishing a formal wildlife corridor connecting Jhalana with Amagarh and the greater Sariska landscape."
Source Anchor: Section: Discussion - Conservation implications, p. 19-20